Rain Beyond Streaks: Cascaded Realistic Rain and Wet Surface Synthesis via Scene Priors

Realistic rain synthesis is a persistent challenge for vision systems operating in adverse weather. Existing methods primarily focus on generating rain streaks, often neglecting consequent surface effects such as reflections and puddles, which are critical for perceptual realism and robustness of downstream vision tasks. We introduce CascadeRS, a rain synthesis framework that leverages depth and segmentation priors to render scene-consistent rain and surface effects. In addition to rain streaks, CascadeRS produces reflections and puddles aligned with scene semantics through a physics-inspired zero-shot, controllable generative pipeline. It produces photorealistic rainy urban scenes, with high perceptual realism, which we validate qualitatively with an extensive user study and quantitatively. We produce the Cityscapes-CascadeRS dataset, to study downstream task performance under real rainy conditions. Our results establish CascadeRS as a scalable and realistic rain-generation framework for evaluating and enhancing the robustness of vision in adverse rainy weather. Code and dataset are available via https://github.com/nis-research/CascadeRainSynthesis