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Scaling Mathematical Proof Supervision from Structured Textbooks

/ Paper arXiv 2610.40394

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16.7…across our held-out evaluations and established public benchmarks by 16.7 percentage points over the base model

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22 / 100#16 of 1200 papers that day, from GitHub, Hugging Face, Hacker News and Semantic Scholar, looked up the morning it was ranked.

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  • ▲ 44 upvotes on Hugging Face

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  • From Shanghai AI Lab (a known lab)

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Abstract

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Mathematical supervision for language models is typically flattened into isolated problem-solution pairs, discarding the curricular organization and evidential structure of the original sources. We introduce TOME-Math (Textbook-Oriented Mathematical Evidence), a large-scale corpus that converts 2,118 textbooks spanning the core areas of university-level mathematics subjects into approximately 380K structured proof-supervision records while preserving chapter order, proposition-proof links, dependency references, and source provenance. Leveraging these structural signals, we explore curriculum learning across multiple mathematical subjects and characterize scaling patterns with supervision volume and source breadth. At full scale, fine-tuning on TOME-Math raises the unweighted mean score across our held-out evaluations and established public benchmarks by 16.7 percentage points over the base model, while exceeding all three public instruction-data baselines evaluated in aggregate. Our findings highlight structured textbooks as both a scalable source of mathematical supervision and an empirical framework for studying the impact of data organization on mathematical reasoning. We will release the corpus to facilitate further research on structured mathematical supervision.

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